Charge Controller and Profile Optimizer
Multi-Stage CC-CV Charging with Cell-Aware Profile
Centralized charging supervisor that selects optimal charging profile for each storage technology (CC-CV for Li-ion, ramped current for electrolyzer, voltage-limited for supercaps, controlled temperature ramp for PCM) and coordinates available power from L1-PDM during the lunar day.
Purpose
Charge each storage technology at its individual optimum to maximize cycle life and round-trip efficiency, while respecting the constraint of available daytime power from the reactor and solar arrays.
Context
Receives target SOC and dispatch plan from L3-ESS-MGMT-DISP; reads SOH from L3-ESS-MGMT-SOH; allocates power across storage technologies via L1-PDM. Commands L3-ESS-LITH-BMS, L3-ESS-FC-CTRL, L3-ESS-SCAP-CTRL, L3-ESS-THRM-CTRL.
Principles
- ▸CC-CV (constant-current, constant-voltage) charging for Li-ion: constant current until voltage threshold, then constant voltage with tapering current
- ▸Aged cells require lower charging voltage limits and lower currents — SOH-aware profiles extend life
- ▸Multi-stage charging (e.g., MCC — multistage constant current) reduces capacity-loss per cycle for Li-ion
- ▸Pulse charging interleaves rest periods with current pulses, allowing concentration polarization to relax
- ▸Electrolyzers prefer ramped current (avoid thermal shock); thermal storage needs temperature-controlled ramp
- ▸Charge acceptance is temperature-dependent — pre-condition cells before high-rate charge
Typical implementations
- ▸Texas Instruments BQ24xxx integrated chargers (terrestrial reference)
- ▸NASA Glenn lunar charge controller designs
- ▸Saft battery management algorithms used on Mars 2020
- ▸Tesla high-rate Li-ion charge profiles (terrestrial)
- ▸Multi-stage MCC research papers (2024+ literature)
Lunar considerations
- ▸Available charging power is constrained by reactor + solar capacity minus base load → optimization needed
- ▸Sun availability varies with lunar topography (peaks-of-eternal-light vs. PSR-adjacent sites) — schedule daily
- ▸Multi-technology storage means simultaneously charging RFC (3–10 kW) and batteries (1–5 kW) — power-allocation logic
- ▸Cell pre-heating from cold-soak requires energy budget that competes with actual charging
- ▸End-of-life cells charged on more conservative profile to extend remaining life
Specifications
Functional
| primary function | Generate and apply optimal charging profiles per technology |
| inputs | Charging plan from L3-ESS-MGMT-DISP, Available source power forecast from L1-PWR / L1-PDM, SOH per unit from L3-ESS-MGMT-SOH, Current SOC from L3-ESS-MGMT-SOC |
| outputs | Charging current/voltage setpoints to each storage controller, Power allocation requests to L1-PDM, Profile-completion notifications to L3-ESS-MGMT-DISP, Per-cycle log entries to L1-DVT |
| supported profiles | CC-CV, MCC, pulse-charge, ramped-current, temperature-controlled-ramp |
| update rate hz | 10 |
| setpoint accuracy percent | 1 |
| soh aware derating | True |
Physical
| mass kg | 0.0 |
| dimensions | Software on L1-CDH host |
| materials | Code on rad-hard NOR flash |
| operating temperature c | -40, 70 |
Operational
| power consumption w | 0.5 |
| thermal range c | -40, 70 |
| lifetime years | 100 |
| mtbf hours | 500000 |
Interfaces
Provides
- Charging setpoints (CC-CV profile)
- Electrolyzer power profile
- Voltage-limited charging
- Temperature ramp commands
- Power allocation requests across storage units
Requires
- Target SOC and dispatch horizon
- Per-unit health and derating
- Current SOC for closed-loop control
- Available source power forecast
Cite this entry
Lunar Ark Codex. "Charge Controller and Profile Optimizer" (L3-ESS-MGMT-CHG). Retrieved 10 September 2026, from https://lunarark.com/entry/L3-ESS-MGMT-CHG
Licensed CC-BY-SA 4.0. You may reuse and adapt this entry with attribution, under the same licence.